Frequently, landless whites committed acts of violence against African Americans, who, due to the race-based wages of the era, were working on these plantations for much less than the average white person would earn. Whitecappers struck in Cross and Poinsett counties in 1902, in Crittenden County in 1904, and periodically plagued Mississippi County from 1908 to 1921. An expansion of the plantation system in the Arkansas Delta between 18 was challenged by a violent campaign on the part of landless whites. Other factors besides price control, such as class and race relations, pitted landowners against tenant farmers and squatters. As a way of restraining the night riders, on September 27, 1908, during an emergency meeting of the Farmers District Union of Marmaduke at the Greene County Courthouse in Paragould, merchants were asked to temporarily refrain from buying cotton. The riders staged spectacular nighttime raids, destroyed cotton in the fields, killed livestock, burned barns and warehouses filled with cotton, dynamited farm machinery, and assaulted buyers.

Night rider violence escalated into 1909. Newspapers also reported attacks by night riders in Marmaduke (Greene County), Bethel (Greene County), Walcott (Greene County), Lake City (Craighead County), and Jonesboro (Craighead County), as well as other small farming communities in or near Greene County.

On September 29, 1908, the violence against cotton growers escalated with an attack against a farmer near Mainwood, about fifteen miles from Paragould (Greene County). In Greene County, a group of masked, armed men rode horseback from town to town, burning wagons of cotton and intimidating farmers to force cotton growers to hold their cotton for a price of thirty-five to forty cents. However, many instances of night riding had racial overtones that hearkened back to the days of the post-Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK).Ĭotton men of the state had formed the Arkansas Farmers Union in the early 1900s in order to stabilize the price of cotton, but when cotton prices fell to ten cents per pound, poorer farmers responded with a kind of viciousness unparalleled since the lawlessness of the KKK during the late nineteenth century. Beginning in the 1900s, cotton farmers throughout Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Missouri were often the targets of night riders seeking to intimidate farmers into selling their crops at higher prices than offered by the big agricultural companies. In either case, the Whitecaps will make every effort to reschedule the outing.The term “night riding” is frequently synonymous with “whitecapping” or “bald knobbing,” all terms denoting extralegal acts of violence targeting select groups and carried out by vigilantes under cover of night or disguise. If the game is cancelled after your scheduled meal start time, you will be charged only for the number of people in your group who have eaten. If your outing is scheduled for a hospitality area and the game is officially cancelled prior to your scheduled meal start time, a Whitecaps representative will call to inform you. As with option 1, exchanges are based on availability. The members of the group may exchange tickets individually at the Whitecaps Ticket Office for any of the remaining home games during the current season. Please remember exchanges are based on availability.Ģ.

The Whitecaps Ticket Sales Department will issue tickets only for stubs returned, not for the total number of tickets purchased by your group. The group leader can collect the ticket stubs from group members and exchange them for another group outing to any home game during the current season.

In the event of a rainout, the options available to you and your group are as follows:ġ. Tickets cannot be replaced if lost or destroyed. In the event that 5 innings of one game are not played, except when the Whitecaps are in the lead at the end of 4 1/2 innnings, tickets will be good for exchange for the same price ticket to any regular season or playoff home game, based on availability.

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